Scale is a

The semiconductor substrate is the base of the microcircuit, which, as a rule, is a monocrystalline semiconductor plate to create films on it and grow monocrystalline layers. For the manufacture of the substrate, a gem of sapphire is used. Since the extraction of natural sapphire on an industrial scale is a very costly case developed methods for obtaining artificial sapphire on an industrial scale. At the moment, there is more than one method of growing monocrystals while each of the methods finds application due to its specifics.